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A cursory look at the Internet protocol stack shows error checking capability almost at every layer, and yet, a slowly growing set of results show that a surprising fraction of big data transfers over TCP/IP are failing. As we have dug into this problem, we have come to realize that nobody is paying much attention to the causes of transmission errors in the Internet. Rather, they have typically resorted to file-level retransmissions. Given the exponential growth in data sizes, this approach is not sustainable. Furthermore, while there has been considerable progress in understanding error codes and how to choose or create error codes that offer sturdy error protection, the Internet has not made use of this new science. We propose a set of new ideas that look at paths forward to reduce error rates and better protect big data. We also propose a new file transfer protocol that efficiently handles errors and minimizes retransmissions.